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Helping babies reach their full growth potential
Research Topics
Milk, Body Composition, Microbiome & Neurodevelopment
Randomized clinical trials of early feeding practices
Salas AA, Argent T, Jeffcoat S, Tucker M, Ashraf AP, Travers CP. Early Vitamin D Supplementation in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and Fed Human Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
J Pediatr. 2025
- Human milk
- Growth
- Respiratory outcomes
Salas AA, Gunawan E, Jeffcoat S, Nguyen K. Early full enteral nutrition with fortified milk in very preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025
- Human milk
- Growth
- Body Composition
Razzaghy J, Shukla VV, Gunawan E, Reeves A, Nguyen K, Salas AA. Early and exclusive enteral nutrition in infants born very preterm. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2024 [free article]
- Human milk
- Growth
- Body Composition
Salas AA, Gunawan E, Nguyen K, Reeves A, Argent V, Finck A, Carlo WA. Early Human Milk Fortification in Infants Born Extremely Preterm: A Randomized Trial. Pediatrics. 2023 Sep 1;152(3):e2023061603. [free article]
- Human milk
- Growth
- Body Composition
Salas AA, Jerome M, Finck A, Razzaghy J, Chandler-Laney P, Carlo WA. Body composition of extremely preterm infants fed protein-enriched, fortified milk: a randomized trial. Pediatric Research 2021 Jun 28:1-7 [free article]
- Human milk
- Growth
- Body Composition
Travers CP, Wang T, Salas AA, Schofield E, Dills M, Laney D, Yee A, Bhatia A, Winter L, Ambalavanan N, Carlo WA. Higher or usual volume feedings in very preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Pediatrics 2020 Sep;224:66-71.
- Growth
Salas AA, Jerome ML, Chandler-Laney P, Carlo AA, Ambalavanan N. Serial assessment of body fat and fat-free mass accretion in very preterm infants: a randomized trial. Pediatric Research 2020 Nov;88(5):733-738. [free article]
- Growth
- Body Composition
Salas AA, Li P, Parks K, Lal CV, Martin CR, Carlo WA. Early progressive feeding in extremely preterm infants: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018. 107(3):365-370. [free article]
- Human milk
- Growth
Fort P, Salas AA, Nicola T, Craig CM, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. A comparison of 3 vitamin D dosing regimens in extremely preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2016 Jul;174:132-138. [free article]
- Growth
- Respiratory outcomes
Salas AA, Cuna A, Bhat R, McGwin G Jr, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. A randomised trial of re-feeding gastric residuals in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015 May;100(3):F224-8.
- Growth
Secondary analyses of randomized clinical trials
Salas AA, Stewart CJ, Young GR. Early gut microbiome composition of very preterm infants randomised to receive human milk volumes of 60 ml/kg/day or more within the first 36 hours after birth. Pediatr Res. 2025 [free article]
- Human milk
- Gut microbiome
Jeffcoat S, Salas AA. Long-term growth and neurodevelopment of extremely preterm infants randomized to fortified human milk diets enriched with a protein supplement. Pediatr Res. 2025 [free article]
- Human milk
- Neurodevelopment
Tucker MJ, Jeffcoat SH, Argent T, Travers CP, Salas AA. Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and Randomized to Early Human Milk Fortification with a Donor Milk-Derived Fortifier for 2 Weeks. J Pediatr. 2025
- Human milk
- Respiratory outcomes
Durham L, Gunawan E, Nguyen K, Reeves A, Shukla V, Salas AA. Total Fluid Administration and Weight Loss during the First 2 Weeks in Infants Randomized to Early Enteral Feeding after Extremely Preterm Birth.Neonatology. 2023;120(2):257-262. [free article]
- Human milk
- Growth
- Neurodevelopment
Salas AA, Willis KA, Carlo WA, Yi N, Zhang L, Van Der Pol WJ, Younge NE, Lefkowitz EJ, Lal CV. The gut microbiome of extremely preterm infants randomized to the early progression of enteral feeding. Pediatr Res. 2022 [free article]
- Human milk
- Gut microbiome
Aristizabal N, Holder MP, Durham L, Ashraf AP, Taylor S, Salas AA. Safety and efficacy of early vitamin D supplementation in critically ill extremely preterm infants: an ancillary study of a randomized trial. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Jun 18:S2212-2672(22)00384-7.
- Growth
- Respiratory outcomes
Salas AA, Travers CP, Chandler-Laney P, Jerome M, Carlo WA. Percent Body Fat Content Measured by Plethysmography in Infants Randomized to High- or Usual-Volume Feeding after Very Preterm Birth. Journal of Pediatrics 2021 Mar;230:251 [free article]
- Growth
- Body Composition
Salas AA, Woodfin T, Phillips V, Peralta-Carcelen M, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. Dose-response effects of early vitamin D supplementation on neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes of extremely preterm infants at 2 years of age: a randomized trial. Neonatology 2018; 113:256-62 [free article]
- Respiratory outcomes
- Neurodevelopment
Multicenter, observational studies
Salas AA, Binder C, Wiechers C, Gsöellpointner M, Haiden N, Fusch C, Rochow N. Association between Growth Trajectories and Body Composition Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants: A Cohort Study. Neonatology. 2025
- Growth
- Body Composition
Salas AA, Chetta K, Lach L, Katikaneni L, Itriago E, Hair AB, Moreira A, Bergner EM, Elabiad MT, Ramel SE. Race as social determinant of growth and body composition among infants born very preterm. Pediatr Res. 2025
- Growth
- Body Composition
Salas AA, Carlo WA, Bann CM, Bell EF, Colaizy TT, Younge N, Peralta M, Ambalavanan N, Poindexter BB. Risk Assessment of Cognitive Impairment at 2 Years of Age in Infants Born Extremely Preterm Using the INTERGROWTH-21st Growth Standards. J Pediatr. 2024
- Growth
- Neurodevelopment
Salas AA, Gunn E, Carlo WA, Bell EF, Das A, Josephson CD, Patel RM, Tan S, Kirpalani H; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network. Timing of Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Occurrence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 [free article]
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
Salas AA, Carlo WA, Do BT, Bell EF, Das A, Van Meurs KP, Poindexter BB, Shankaran S, Younge N, Watterberg KL, Higgins RD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network. Growth Rates of Infants Randomized to CPAP or Intubation After Extremely Preterm Birth. J Pediatr. 2021 Jun 19:S0022-3476(21)00556-4 [free article]
- Growth
Salas AA, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N, Nolen TL, Stoll BJ, Das A, Higgins RD. Gestational age and birthweight for risk assessment of neurodevelopmental impairment or death in extremely preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2016 Nov;101(6):F494-F501. [free article]
- Growth
- Neurodevelopment
Single center, observational studies
Gentle SJ, Shukla VV, Cooley A, Ambalavanan N, Carlo WA, Taylor SN, Salas AA. Feeding Dynamics in Very Preterm Infants with Delayed Oral Feeding Attainment. Neonatology. 2025
- Oral feeding
Cyrus KE, Jerome ML, Reeves AV, Nguyen K, Shankaran M, Evans WJ, Salas AA. Correlation Between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Fat-Free Mass in Infants Born Very Preterm.
J Pediatr. 2025
- Growth
- Body Composition
Razzaghy J, Zhang L, Yi N, Salas AA. Predicting body fat percentage at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age in infants born preterm: A diagnostic accuracy study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2023 Nov;47(8):1056-1061.
- Growth
- Body Composition
Jerome M, Chandler-Laney P, Affuso O, Li P, Salas AA. Racial differences in growth rates and body composition of infants born preterm. J Perinatol. 2022 Mar;42(3):385-388. [free article]
- Growth
- Body Composition
Salas AA, Bhatia A, Carlo WA. Postnatal growth of preterm infants 24 to 26 weeks of gestation and cognitive outcomes at 2 years of age. Pediatr Res. 2021 May;89(7):1804-1809 [free article]
- Growth
- Neurodevelopment
Salas AA, Meads C, Ganus S, Bhatia A, Taylor C, Chandler-Laney P, Imtiaz MH, Sazonov E. Quantitative assessment of nutritive sucking patterns in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2020 Jul;146:105044. [free article]
- Oral feeding
Quality Improvement
Gentle SJ, Meads C, Ganus S, Barnette E, Munkus K, Carlo WA, Salas AA. Improving Time to Independent Oral Feeding to Expedite Hospital Discharge in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2022 Mar 1;149(3):e2021052023.
- Oral feeding
Benefield D, Salas AA. Orogastric Tube Insertion in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants. Advances in Neonatal Care 2021 [Video Abstract]
Reviews / commentaries
Salas AA, Ojha S. Exclusive enteral nutrition in preterm infants: How early is too early? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2025
Perez KM, Strobel KM, Hendrixson DT, Brandon O, Hair AB, Workneh R, Abayneh M, Nangia S, Hoban R, Kolnik S, Rent S, Salas AA, Ojha S, Valentine GC. Nutrition and the gut-brain axis in neonatal brain injury and development. Semin Perinatol. 2024
Salas AA. Revolutionizing Neonatal Nutrition: Rethinking Definitions and Standards for Optimal Care. Adv Nutr. 2024 [free article]
Jerome ML, Valcarce V, Lach L, Itriago E, Salas AA. Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes. Nutr Clin Pract. 2023 Oct;38 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S7-S27.
Salas AA, Travers CP. The Practice of Enteral Nutrition: Clinical Evidence for Feeding Protocols. Clin Perinatol. 2023 Sep;50(3):607-623. [free article]
Perez K, Valentine GC, Nangia S, Burrin DG, Abayneh M, Workneh R, Jerome M, Dinerstein NA, Salas A. Advancement of Enteral Feeding in Very-low-birth-weight Infants: Global Issues and Challenges. Newborn 2022; 1 (3):306-313. [free article]